The Australian Independent Skilled Migration, also known as the Australia 189 visa, is one of the most popular immigration pathways among international students. Applicants do not need to obtain any sponsorship from individuals or organizations and can confirm their score according to the points table based on their qualifications and skills

Applicants can apply for Australian State Nomination both domestically and overseas, and must obtain nomination from the state or territory government. This nomination also provides an additional 5 points towards the points test. The scoring criteria for other categories are the same as for the 189 visa. The 190 state nomination visa occupation list includes one additional occupation compared to the MLTSSL list, as it also allows for nominations from the STSOL list. The nominated occupations on each state's list differ, and invitations are issued randomly on a monthly basis.

Australian Business Innovation and Investment Program is categorized as a type of skilled migration and requires a points-based system, which is different from the independent skilled migration. The Australian investment migration program can be divided into two main categories: applying for the 188 temporary residence visa (A, B, C, D, E), and then transferring to the 888 permanent residence visa (A, B, C, D, E) after meeting the requirements, or obtaining the 132 permanent residence visa directly.